Baitul maal ka naqdi amwaal se zaroorat ki ashyaa kharid kar dena


Baitul maal ka naqdi amwaal se zaroorat ki ashyaa kharid kar dena

Jawaab: Sheikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi
Islamic Da'wah Center-Misrah-Taaif
Ramazaanul mubaarak ke mauqa se maaldaar log umooman apne maal ki Zakat nikalte hain, inmen se ba'z to khud se ghurbaa wa masaakin aur mustahqeen mein Zakat taqsim karte hain jabki kuch log deeni maraakiz aur baitul maal naami idaaron ko bataur Zakat naqdi raqoom dete hain. Yeh idaare Zakat ki raqam se zarooratmandon ko zaroorat ki ashyaa kharid kar dete hain. Ek muddat se yeh kam barre saghir mein hota chalaa aa raha hai, Saudi 'Arab ke khairaati idaare bhi fuqraa wa masaakin mein ration package, saath mein kuch naqdi raqam diya karte hain lekin aaj kal iske 'adm jawaaz par ba'z 'ulama ke fataawa social media par gasht kar rahe hain jinki wajah se aam logon mein Kafi bechainee hai aur wah is mu'aamale mein mukhtalif 'ulama se rujoo kar rahe hain.

Malegaon se Fareed Ahmad sahib mujhe likhte hain "aaj kal Zakat ke maal se ration kit taqsim ko lekar masalaa bataaya ja raha hai ki Zakat adaa nahin hogi. Yahaan sawaal yeh hai ki ahle khair hazraat jamaa'at ke baitul maal mein apni Zakat raqam ki shakl mein adaa karte hain aur baitul maal ke zimmedaaraan hasbe zaroorat wa mauqa ke mustahiq afraad ko ration kit, sardi ke mausam mein kambal, be-rozgaar afraad ko thelaa gaadi yaa digar zaraaye se zariya maash ka nazm karte hain, ba'z hazraat Eidain ke mauqe par nae kapde taqsim karte hain waghairah. Aisi soorat mein jamaa'at ke baitul maal ke zimmedaaraan ko kya raqam ke zariye se hi imdaad karna hogi yaa murawwaja tariqe se bhi imdaad ki ja sakti hai jiska oopar zikr kiya gaya hai. Baraahe karam is silsile mein Qur'aan wa Hadees ki Roshni mein dalaail ke saath rahnumai farmaen. Nawaazish hogi ".

Is sawaal ka jawaab likhne se pahle isse mutalliq mukhtalif 'ulama ke fataawa wa aaraa ka gahraai se mutaliah kiya hoon aur is natije par pahuncha ki is mu'aamale mein koi ikhtilaaf nahin hai ki sahibe nisaab apne naqdi raqam ki Zakat har haal mein naqdi soorat mein hi nikaalega khwaah wah bazaate khud mustahiq ko de yaa niyaabat ke liye deeni maraakiz aur baitul maal ko de taaham deeni maraakiz aur baitul maal naqdi Zakat mein tasarruf kar sakte hain yaa logon ki maslihat wa zaroorat ka khayaal karke unke munaasib haal ashyaa maali Zakat se kharid kar de sakte hain? is mu'aamale mein 'ulama ke darmiyaan ikhtilaaf nazar aata hai.

Is mukhtalaf feehi masale ka jawaab janne se pahle yeh bataanaa zaroori hai ki jahaan musalman rahte hain wahaan musalmanon ka islami khazaana yaa baitul maal ka wajood hona chaahiye jis se musalmanon mein maujood zarooratmandon ki haajat puri ki ja sake jaisa ki hum aheday risaalat wa khilaafat mein dekhte hain magar is janib musalmanon mein 'adm ittihaad ki wajah se badi kotaahi nazar aati hai taaham kuch log jamaati satah par baitul maal yaa deeni maraakiz ke zariye samaaji khidmaat anjam dete hain jo ki qaabile qadr hai, mazeed ismein bahtari ki zaroorat darkar hai aur jo infiraadi yaa ijtimaai taur par sadaqaat wa atiyyaat jamaa karke khiyaanat karte hain unki islaah bhi honi chaahiye.

'Allaamah Suyooti rahimahullaah ne taareekh al-khulafaa mein likha hai ki islami hukoomat ke shuroo' daur mein baitul maal ka qiyaam is tarah nahin tha jis tarah Hazrat Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne mutaarif karwaaya. Mein unke daur se ya'ni aheday Farooqui se baitul maal ki do mustanad misaalen bayaan karna chaahta hoon taaki in misaalon se apni baat waazeh kar sakoon.

(1) Pahla waaqi'ah
sahih Bukhari ka hai, Zaid bin Aslam riwaayat karte hain, unse unke waalid ne bayaan kiya ki mein Umar bin Khattab raziyallaahu 'anhu ke saath baazaar gaya. Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu se ek naujawaan aurat ne mulaaqaat ki aur arz kiya ki ameerul muamineen! mere shauhar ki wafaat ho gayi hai aur chand chhoti chhoti bachchiyaan chhod gaye hain. Allaah ki qasam ki ab naa unke paas bakri ke paaye hain ki unko pakaa len, naa kheti hai, naa doodh ke janwar hain. Mujhe dar hai ki wah fuqr wa faaqaa se halaak naa ho jayen. Mein Khaffab bin Eemaa Ghiffaari raziyallaahu 'anhu ki beti hoon. Mere waalid Nabi kareem ﷺ ke saath gazwae hudaibiyah mein shareek the. Yeh sun kar Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu unke paas thodi der ke liye khade ho gaye, aage nahin badhe. Phir farmaya, marhabaa, tumhara khandaani ta'alluq to bahut qaribi hai. Phir aap ek bahut qawi Oont ki taraf muday jo ghar mein bandha huwa tha aur us par do boray ghalle se bhare huye rakh diye. Un donon boron ke darmiyaan rupyaa aur doosri zaroorat ki chizen aur kapde rakh diye aur uski nakil unke haath mein thama kar farmaya ki ise le ja, yeh khatm naa hoga isse pahle hi Allaah ta'aala tujhe isse bahtar dega. Ek sahib ne is par kaha, ae ameerul muamineen! aap ne use bahut de diya. Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne kaha, teri maa tujhe roe, Allaah ki qasam! is aurat ke waalid aur iske bhai jaise ab bhi meri nazron ke saamne hain ki ek muddat tak ek qilaa ke muhaasare mein wah shareek rahe, aakhir use fath kar liya. Phir hum subh ko un donon ka hissah maale ghanimat se wasool kar rahe the. (Sahih al-Bukhari: 4160)

(2) Doosra waaqi'ah mukhtalif Kutube taareekh wa Siar mein darj hai jaise Taareekhe Tabaree, Taareekhe Dimashq aur Fazaailus-Sahabah waghairah aur iski sanad Hasan darje ki hai. Yeh waaqi'ah bhi Hazrat Umar ke ghulaam Aslam bayaan karte hain ki wah sayyadna Umar ke saath Harra Waqim ki taraf nikle, ziraar ke maqaam par aag jal rahi thi, Hazrat Umar ne kaha ho sakta ho yahaan sawaar dayraa daala ho aur sardi ki wajah se aag jalaa rakhi ho. Qarib huye to dekha ki ek aurat ke paas chhote chhote bachche ro rahe hain aur aag par handiya चढाई hui hai. Alaik salaik ke baad kuch is tarah guftagu hui.
Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne kaha : kya hum qarib aa jayen ?
Wah aurat boli : achche tariqe se qarib aa jayen yaa hamen chhod den.
Phir jab hum qarib huye to Umar ne poochha : tumhen kya huwa hai ?
Us aurat ne kaha : raat ho chuki hai aur sardi bhi hai.
Unhone poochha : yeh bachche kyun ro rahe hain ?
Us aurat ne jawaab diya : bhook ki wajah.
Unhone poochha : haandi mein kya chiz (pak rahi) hai ?
Us aurat ne jawaab diya : ismein wah hai jiske saath mein in bachchon ko चकरा rahi hoon taaki wah so jayen. Humare aur Umar ke darmiyaan Allaah hai.
Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne farmaya : Allaah tujh par raham kare, Umar ko tumhare baare mein kya pata hai ?
Us aurat ne kaha : Umar humara haakim hai aur phir humse ghaafil rahta hai ?
Sayyadna Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne meri taraf rukh karke farmaya : chalo humare saath, phir hum bhaagte huye us jagah gaye jahaan aata rakhne ka store tha. Unhone aatey ki ek बोरी aur charbi ka ek dabba nikalaa aur kaha : yeh mujh par laad do. Maine kaha : aap ke bajae mein ise uththa letaa hoon.
Unhone kaha : teri maa naa rahe, kya tu qiyaamat ke din mera wazan uthaega ?
Lihaza Maine yeh wazan aap par laad diya aur aap ke saath chalaa, aap bhaage bhaage ja rahe the, phir aap ne yeh saamaan us aurat ke saamne daal diya aur thoda saa aata nikal kar kaha :
Mein ise hawa mein uchaal kar saaf karta hoon, tum ismein mere saath ta'aawun karo.
Wah haandi ke neeche phoonken (bhi) maar rahe the phir haandi ko utaar diya aur kaha : koi chiz le aao. Wah ek bartan le aai to unhone ise us bartan mein undel diya aur phir unse farmane lage : tum inhen khilaao aur mein ise bichaata hoon.
Unhone sair hokar kha liya aur kuch khana baaqi bhi rah gaya.
Umar (raziyallaahu 'anhu) khade ho gaye aur mein bhi khadaa ho gaya phir wah aurat kah rahi thi :
Allaah tujhe jazae khair de : Ameerul momineen (Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu) ke bajae tujhe sahibe iqtidaar (Khalifah) hona chaahiye tha.
Unhone farmaya : jab tum Ameerul momineen ke paas jao to achchi baat kahna aur wahaan mujh se baat karna. In shaa Allaah
Phir aap peechhe hat gaye aur zaanon ke bal baith gaye. Humne kaha : humaari to doosri shaan hai.
Aap mujh se koi kalaam nahin kar rahe the phir Maine bachchon ko uchalte koodte aur khayltay huye dekha aur baad mein wah so gaye to Umar (raziyallaahu 'anhu) ne farmaya : ae Aslam! bhook ne inki neend khatm kar rakhi thi aur inhen rula diya tha, lihaza maine yeh dekhnaa pasand kiya jo maine dekh liya hai. [Fazaailus-Sahabah J. 1, S. 290-291, H. 382 wa sanaduhu Hasan. Manqool az Maqaalaat, Jild 6, S. 250-253 ba-tasrife qaleel]
Baitul maal ke zariye zaruratmand musalmanon ki zarooriyaat puri karne ke baare mein in do waaqi'aat se bahut saare asbaaq milte hain. In asbaaq mein minJumla ek sabaq yeh milta hai ki Muslim mulk wa mu'aashare mein zarooratmandon ko unki zaroorat ki chizen faraaham karne ke liye baitul maal ka intizaam hona chaahiye taaki iske zariye haajatmandon ki haajat puri ki ja sake. Miskin se poochhne ki zaroorat nahin hai ki aap ko kya chaahiye balki zimmadaar khud hi unki mukammal maalumaat haasil kare aur haajat wa zaroorat ke mutabiq unki imdaad kare, fuqraa wa masaakin umooman sharm wa hayaa ki wajah se apni zaroorat bayaan nahin kar sakte hain, yeh zimmedaaron ka hi kam hai. Oopar aap ne pahle waaqi'ah mein padha ki ek bewaa aurat ke paas chand chhoti chhoti bachchiyaan thin, unke paas khane peene aur guzar basar karne ka koi zariya nahin tha to waqt ke haakim sayyadna Umar raziyallaahu 'anhu ne unhen zaroorat ki chizen, kapde aur Rupay diye. Isi tarah doosre waaqi'ah mein aap ne padha ki zaruratmand aurat ko Hazrat Umar ne pakane ki chizen aata aur charbi ataa kiya. Kya aaj musalmanon mein aise log nahin hain jinhen zaroorat ki chizen chaahiye ? dekha jae to aise log badi ta'daad mein maujood hain magar unki zarooraton ko pura karne wala nahin hai, do chand hain jo aise zarooratmandon ko talaash karte hain aur unke liye zaroorat ki chizen muhayya karte hain.

Ab aate hain saail ke jawaab ki taraf aur mazkoorah Baala waaqi'aat se andaazah lagate hain ki kya deeni maraakiz yaa baitul maal aise kam nahin kar sakte hain? to iska jawaab hai ki bilkul kar sakte hain. Yahaan ek sawaal paida hota hai ki in idaaron ke paas logon ki zarooriyaat pura karne ke liye Zakat ki naqdi raqoom hoti hain. Kya Zakat ki naqdi raqoom se zarooratmandon ke mutabiq ashyaa khurd wa nosh yaa kapde kharid kar diye ja sakte hain?

Is sawaal ke jawaab mein mut'addid 'ulama ke fataawa hain jin mein kaha gaya hai ki maali Zakat se koi chiz kharid kar hum nahin de sakte hain, naqdi maal hi mustahiq ko dena padega, khaufe tawaalat ki wajah se 'adm jawaaz ka fatwa naql nahin kar haa hoon, jabki ba'z 'ulama yeh bhi kahte hain ki maslihat wa zaroorat ke tahat zarooratmandon ke darmiyaan ashyaa bhi taqsim ki ja sakti hain. Shayqh Ibn baaz rahimahullaah se sawaal kiya gaya ki hum log ration aur zaroorat ki chizen maslan kambal aur kapde waghairah Zakat ke paison se kharid kar ba'z ghurbat zadaa islami mumaalik jaise Sudaan, Africa, Afghaani mujahidin ke liye bhayjte hain khusoosan jab un jaghon par ashyaa ki qeematen badh jati hain yaa ashyaa nahin payi jatin. Kya yeh sahih hain ? to Shayqh ne jawaab diya :

Laa maane' min zaalik baad at-taakit min sarfihaa fil muslimeen (Majmoo' Fataawa wa Maqaalaat Ibn Baaz 14/246) ya'ni ismein koi harj nahin agar is baat par yaqeen kar liya jae ki yeh musalmanon mein hi taqsim kiya jaega.

Is baare mein, mein bhi yahi mauqif rakhta hoon ki zaroorat aur maslihat ke tahat muhtaajon ke darmiyaan Zakat ke paison se zaroorat ki chizen kharid kar dene mein harj nahin hai is baat ki taakid ke saath ki jahaan paison ki zaroorat ho wahaan paise diye jayen.

Pahli wajah:
is mauqif ki taaid isliye karta hoon ki humare Zakat ki taqsim mein islami muaashara ifraat wa tafreet ka shikar hai. Awwalan: Muslim samaaj mein insaaf ke saath Zakat nahin nikali jati. Saaniyan: Zakat ke jo awaaile mustahqeen hain wah aksar Zakat se mahroom rahte hain kyunki Zakat ka aksar hissah masaajid, Madaaris aur maraakiz mein jata hai jabki yeh naam masaarife Zakat mein mazkoor hi nahin. Phir Zakat ke in paison ka istimaal ta'meer mein, bijlee paani mein, khane peene mein aur zaroorat ki tamaam chizon mein hota hai.
Isliye islami mu'aashare ko Zakat ki taqsim mein aetdaal baratnaa hoga taaki jo asl mustahiq hain un tak Zakat ki raqam pahunche aur unke 'ilaawa jahaan bhi jawaaz ki soorat nikalti hai wahaan bhi taqsim ki jae.

Doosri wajah: ek doosri aham baat yeh hai ki Zakat ki raqam kam aur zaruratmand ziyadah hain phir un zarooratmandon mein umooman kam hi sarparast mard huwa karte hain, mard hote bhi hain to maazoor, laaghar wa bimaar, majnoon waghairah, aksar chhote bachche aur bachchiyaan hoti hain, auraten hoti hain, inke liye sahih saamaan khareednaa bhi dushwaar aur phir kam paison mein zaroorat ki chiz nahin kharid sakte jabki ek zimmedaar qism ka aadami badi ta'daad mein saamaan khareede to kam qeemat par milega aur kasir ta'daad ko faaidah hoga goya infiraadi kharid par maal ka ziyadah ziyaa' ma'loom hota hai jabki ijtimaai taur par khareedne mein muhtaajon ka faaidah hai.
'Allaamah Ibn Taimiyah rahimahullaah kahte hain ki gaae, bakri aur fasl waghairah ki Zakat baghair kisi zaroorat aur maslihat ke naqdi ki soorat mein dena mamnoo' hai phir iski wajah bataate hain kyun mamnoo' hai, mazeed aage bataate hain ki kisi zaroorat yaa musbat maslihat ki bina par qeemat ki soorat mein Zakat adaa karne mein koi harj nahin hai (Majmoo' al-Fataawa 25/82)
Isi tarah Shayqh Ibn baaz rahimahullaah likhte hain ki agar Zakat ke mustahiq logon ki maslihat ko saamne rakha jae to naqdi raqam ki bajae saamaan, kapde aur ration waghairah kharid kar diya ja sakta hai aur iske liye ashyaae zaroorat ki qeemat ko madde nazar rakha jaega, misaal ke taur par Zakat ka mustahiq shakhs : paagal ho yaa kam aqal ho yaa zahni tawaazun durust naa ho aur yeh dar ho ki agar raqam di jaegi to sahih jagah sarf nahin kar sakega to aisi soorat mein maslihat ka taqaaza yahi hai ki use ration kharid kar diya jae yaa Zakat ki qeemat ke baraabar kapde lekar diye jayen, yeh mauqif ahle 'ilm ke sahih tareen aqwaal ke mutabiq hai (fataawa Ibn baaz : 14/253)
Aur Shayqh Muhammad bin Sawleh Uthaimeen rahimahullaah pahle kahte hain ki Zakat adaa karne wala shakhs apni raqam ke badle mein chizen nahin de sakta phir kuch aage kahte hain agar aap ko khadshaa ho ki ghareeb gharaane ko raqam ki shakl mein Zakat dene par wah ghair zaroori ashyaa mein sarf kar denge to aap ghar ke sarbaraah ya'ni baap, maa, bhai, yaa chacha se baat karen aur unhen kahen ki mere paas Zakat ki kuch raqam hai to aap hamen apni zaroorat ki ashyaa batla den, mein kharid kar aap ko de deta hoon, is tariqe par 'amal karen to yeh jaiz hoga, aur Zakat apni sahih jagah sarf hogi (Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn Uthaimeen : 18/Sawaal Number : 643)

Teesri wajah : ramzaan ke aakhir mein Sadaqatul Fitr nikalna waajib hai aur Sadaqatul Fitr Zakat mein se hai neez ghallah se yeh Zakat deni hai taaham is Zakat ke baare mein bhi aksar 'ulama ki raae yeh hai ki fuqraa wa masaakin ki zaroorat wa maslihat ki bina par naqdi raqam bhi de sakte hain, balki ba'z to kahte hain naqdi Fitra hi dena chaahiye. Jab hum ghalle waali Zakat mein fuqraa ki maslihat dekh kar rupyaa de sakte hain to maali Zakat mein kyun nahin maslihat dekhi ja sakti hai ?

In baaton ke 'ilaawa mazeed baaten is mu'aamale mein qaabile I’tanaa hain.
* Zaroorat wa maslihat ke naam par logon mein ghair zaroori ashyaa naa taqsim ki jayen ya'ni wahi ashyaa taqsim ki jayen, muhtaajon ko jinki aslan zaroorat ho.
* Basaa auqaat saste daamon par date expire aur kharaab saamaan kharid liye jate hain, yeh baharhaal ghalat hai.
* kuch muhtaaj aise bhi ho sakte hain jinhen saamaan ki nahin paison ki sakht zaroorat ho aise logon ki jaankaari haasil karke paison se hi madad ki jae.
* ration ke saath kuch paise bhi diye jayen taaki agar mazeed kuch zaroorat ho to puri ki ja sake jaisa ki aap ne oopar pahle waaqi'ah mein padha hai ki Hazrat Umar ne saamaan ke saath kuch paise bhi diye.

Is mauzu ka khulasaa yeh hai ki jab ek maaldaar aadami khud se kisi mustahiq ko naqdi raqam ki Zakat dega to naqad ki soorat mein hi dega, isi tarah kisi baitul maal ko naqdi maal ki Zakat dega to bhi naqad mein hi dega aur is maaldaar ki taraf se Zakat adaa ho jaegi. Aage baitul maal ki zimmedari hai ki logon ke maal ko mustahiqon mein jahaan maal ki zaroorat ho wahaan maal aur jahaan maslihat wa zaroorate saamaan ka mutaqaazi ho wahaan saamaan taqsim kare.
 
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