Umar Asari

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Aqeeqah Sirf Saatwen Din

Tehreer: Shaikh Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer Amanpoori Hafizahullah

Romanised By: Umar Asari

Is baat par ittifaaq hai ki bachche ya bachchi ki paidaaish ke saatwen din (7th day) Aqeeqah karna Mustahab amal hai. Shari’at-e-Muhammadiyyah ne isey saatwen din (7th day) mashroo’ qaraar diya hai jaisa ke:
➊ Sayyidah Aisha Radhiallahu Anha se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaaya:
يُعَقُّ عَنِ الْغُلَامِ شَاتَانِ مُكَافِئَتَانِ وَعَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ شَاةٌ وَقَالَتْ: عَقَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ شَاتَيْنِ ذَبَحَهُمَا يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ​
“Ladke ki taraf se do barabar ki bakriyaan aur ladki ki taraf se ek bakri bataur-e-Aqeeqah zabah ki jaayegi. Sayyidah Aisha Radhiallahu Anha kehti hain: Rasoolullah ﷺ ne Sayyiduna Hasan aur Husain Radhiallahu Anhuma ki taraf se do do bakriyaan saatwen din bataur-e-Aqeeqah zabah ki.”
(Al-Ayal Li-Ibn-e-Abi Duniya: 43, Musnad-ul-Bazzar: 1239, Musnad Abi Ya’la: 4521, As-Sunan Al-Kubra Lil-Baihaqi: 9/303-304. Is ki Sanad Sahih hai)

➋ Sayyiduna Samurah bin Jundub Radhiallahu Anhu se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaaya:
كُلُّ غُلَامٍ مُرْتَهَنٌ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ، تُذْبَحُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ، وَيُحْلَقُ رَأْسُهُ، وَيُسَمَّى​
“Har bachcha apne aqeeqe ke ewaz (badle) girwi rakha hai. Saatwen din us ki taraf se jaanwar zabah kiya jaaye, us ke sar ko moondha jaaye aur us ka naam rakha jaaye.”
(Sunan Ibn-e-Majah: 3165, Sunan Abi Dawood: 2838, Sunan At-Tirmizi: 1522, Sunan An-Nasai: 4220, Mussnad-ul-Imam Ahmad: 20083, 20133, 20139, 20188, 20193, 20256. Is ki Sanad Sahih hai)
Is Hadees ko Imam Tirmizi Rahimahullah ne “Hasan Sahih” aur Imam Ibn-e-Jarood Rahimahullah (910) aur Imam Haakim Rahimahullah (Mustadrak: 4/237) ne “Sahih” kaha hai. Aur Hafiz Zahbi Rahimahullah ne un (Imam Haakim Rahimahullah) ki muwafaqat ki hai.
Saabit huwa ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ki iqtidaa aur pairwi mein Aqeeqah sirf saatwen din (7th day) karna chaahiye, masalan bachcha Juma’ (friday) ke din paida ho to us ka Aqeeqah Jume’raat (thursday) ke din karna chaahiye. Ba’z ahl-e-ilm ki raaye yeh hai ke paidaaish ke din ko shumaar nahi kiya jaayega lekin yeh baat durust nahi.
Saatwen din (7th day) se pehle Aqeeqah karna durust nahi. Ba’z ulama-e-kiraam saatwen din (7th day) se pehle Aqeeqah ki ijazat dete hain.
Hafiz Ibn-ul-Qayyim Rahimahullah is silsile mein likhte hain:
وَالظَّاهِر أَن التَّقْيِيد بذلك اسْتِحْبَاب وَإِلَّا فَلَو ذبح عَنهُ فِي الرَّابِع أَو الثَّامِن أَو الْعَاشِر أَو مَا بعده أَجْزَأت​
“Ma’loom yeh hota hai ke saatwen din ki qaid Istehbaab ke taur par hai, warna agar koi shakhs bachche ki taraf se chauthe (4th day), aathween (8th day), daswen (10th day) ya baad waale kisi din Aqeeqah kar de to woh kifaayat kar jaayega.”
(Tohfat-ul-Maulood Li-Ibn-e-Qayyim, Page No: 50)
Lekin yeh baat Hadees ke mutabiq durust ma’loom nahi hoti kiunki Hadees main saatwen din Aqeeqe ka zikr hai aur Shari’at ne us ka ek waqt muta’ayyan (fix) kiya hai jis ki paabandi zaroori hai. Yahi wajah hai ki Allama Ibn-e-Hazm Rahimahullah likhte hain:
وَلَا يَجْزِي قَبْلَ السَّابِعِ​
“Saatwen din se pehle Aqeeqah qat’an kifaayat nahi karega.”
(Al-Muhalla Li-Ibn-e-Hazm: 6/240)

Yahi baat Allama Ameer San’aani Rahimahullah ne bhi likhi hai.
(Subul-us-Salam: 4/181)

Isi tarah ba’z ahl-e-ilm saatwen din Aqeeqah na kar sakne ki soorat mein chaudahwen (14th day) ya ikkiswen din (21th day) Aqeeqe ki mashroo’iyyat ke qaail hain lekin sahih baat yeh hai ke saatwen din ke baad bhi Aqeeqah karna durust nahi kiunki is par koi sahih daleel nahi. Jo riwayaat is talluq se pesh ki jaati hain, woh Muhaddiseen ke usool ke mutabiq Sahih nahi hain. Un riwayaat par tabsirah pesh-e-khidmat hai:
① Sayyiduna Buraidah Radhiallahu Anhu se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaaya:
الْعَقِيقَةُ تُذْبَحُ لِسَبْعٍ، أَوْ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، أَوْ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ​
“Aqeeqe ka jaanwar saatwen ya chaudahwen ya ikkiswen din zabah kiya jaaye.”
(Al-Mo’jam Al-Awsat Lit-Tabrani: 4979, Al-Mo’jam-ul-Kabeer Lit-Tabarani: 723, As-Sunan Al-Kubra Lil-Baihaqi: 9/303)

Tabsirah:
Is ki sanad “Za’eef” hai. Is mein Ismail bin Muslim Al-Makki rawi “Za’eef-ul-hadees” hai.
(Taqreeb-ut-Tahzeeb Li-Ibn-e-Hajar: 474)

Hafiz Haythami Rahimahullah likhte hain:
وَفِيهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ لِكَثْرَةِ غَلَطِهِ وَوَهْمِهِ​
“Is ki sanad mein Ismail bin Muslim Al-Makki rawi maujood hai. Usey us ki bahut ziyadah ghalatiyon aur wahm ki wajah se Za’eef qaraar diya gaya hai.”
(Majma’-uz-Zawaid Lil-Haithami: 4/59)

② Ata Rahimahullah farmate hain:
Umm-e-Kurz aur Abu Kurz bayan karte hain ke Sayyidah Aisha Radhiallahu Anha ne farmaaya:
وَلْيَكُنْ ذَاكَ يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَفِي أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَفِي إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ​
“Aqeeqah saatwen din hona chaahiye. Agar aisa na ho to chaudahwen din aur agar chaudahwen din bhi na ho sake to ikkiswen din.”
(Al-Mustadrak Ala As-Sahihain Lil-Hakim: 4/238,239. Imam Haakim Rahimahullah ne is ki Sanad ko “Sahih” kaha hai. Aur Hafiz Zahbi Rahimahullah ne un ki muwafaqat ki hai)

Tabsirah:
Is qaul ki sanad “Inqitaa” ki wajah se “Za’eef” hai.
Ata ke baare mein Imam ’Ali bin Madeeni Rahimahullah farmaate hain:
وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أُمِّ كَرْزٍ شَيْئًا​
“Unhon ne Umm-e-Kurz se kuch bhi nahi suna.”
(Al-Ilal Li-Ibn-e-Madeeni, Page No:139)

③ Allama Ibn-e-Hazm Rahimahullah ka kehna hai ke:
فَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْبَحْ فِي الْيَوْمِ السَّابِعِ ذَبَحَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَتَى أَمْكَنَ فَرْضًا​
“Agar saatwen din Aqeeqe ka jaanwar zabah na kar sake to us ke baad jab bhi us farz ko ada karne ki woh istita’at rakhe to woh kar le.”
(Al-Muhalla Li-Ibn-e-Hazm: 6/234)

Tabsirah:
Is qaul par koi daleel nahi aur woh sab riwayaat jin mein zikr hai ke Nabi-e-Akram ﷺ ne Nubuwwat ke baad apna Aqeeqah kiya, Za’eef aur ghair saabit shudah hain. Lihaaza yeh qaul na tawajjoh ke qaabil hai aur na hi amal ke.

Isi tarah agar bachcha saatwen din se pehle faut ho jaaye to us ka Aqeeqah nahi hoga jabki Allama Ibn-e-Hazm Rahimahullah kehte hain ki us ka bhi Aqeeqah waajib hai.
(Al-Muhalla Li-Ibn-e-Hazm: 8/234)

Aur Hafiz Nawawi Rahimahullah kehte hain ke yeh hamaare nazdeek Mustahab hai.
(Al-Majmoo’ Lin-Nawawi: 8/448)

Yeh dono qaul bhi marjooh hain. Aqeeqe ka talluq zindagi se hai. Doosri taraf Hadees ne saatwen din ko bhi muqarrar kar diya hai lihaaza asal sunnat haasil nahi hogi. Isi tarah paidaaish se pehle bhi Aqeeqah jaaiz aur durust nahi kiunki yeh Aqeeqah ki sunnat ek sabab ke pesh-e-nazar ada ki jaati hai, aur woh bachche ki paidaaish hai. Jab woh sabab hi na hoga to sunnat kaise ada hogi? Qurbani ki tarah Aqeeqah raat ko bhi kiya jaa sakta hai.
Hafiz Ibn-ul-Qayyim Rahimahullah saatwen din Aqeeqah karne ki hikmat yun bayan karte hain:
وَحِكْمَة هَذَا وَالله اعْلَم أَن الطِّفْل حِين يُولد يكون أمره مترددا بَين السَّلامَة والعطب وَلَا يدْرِي هَل هُوَ من أهل الْحَيَاة أم لَا إِلَى أَن تَأتي عَلَيْهِ مُدَّة يسْتَدلّ بِمَا يُشَاهد من أَحْوَاله فِيهَا على سَلامَة بنيته وَصِحَّة خلقته وَأَنه قَابل للحياة وَجعل مِقْدَار تِلْكَ الْمدَّة أَيَّام الْأُسْبُوع فَإِنَّهُ دور يومي كَمَا أَن السّنة دور شَهْري......وَالْمَقْصُود أَن هَذِه الْأَيَّام أول مَرَاتِب الْعُمر فَإِذا استكملها الْمَوْلُود انْتقل إِلَى الْمرتبَة الثَّانِيَة وَهِي الشُّهُور فَإِذا استكملها انْتقل إِلَى الثَّالِثَة وَهِي السنين فَمَا نقص عَن هَذِه الْأَيَّام فَغير مستوف للخليقة......فَجعلت تَسْمِيَة الْمَوْلُود وإماطة الْأَذَى عَنهُ وفديته وَفك رهانه فِي الْيَوْم السَّابِع​
“Is ki hikmat, Wallahu A’lam, yeh hai ke bachcha jab paida hota hai to us ka mu’aamla salaamti aur halakat ke darmiyaan mutaraddid hota hai. Yeh ma’loom nahi hota ke yeh zindah rahega ya nahi. Yahan tak ke us par itni muddat guzar jaaye ke use dekhne waala us ke halaat se us ki takhleeqi salaamti, sihhat aur us ke zindagi ke qaabil hone ka andaza kar sake. Us muddat ki miqdaar Shari’at ne ek hafta muqarrar ki kiunki hafta, dino ka ek mukammal chakkar hai jaisa ke saal maheeno ka ek mukammal chakkar hota hai...... Maqsood yeh hai ke yeh saat din maratib-e-umr mein se pehla martaba hain. Jab bachcha in dino ko poora kar leta hai to woh doosre martabe mein daakhil ho jaata hai jo ke maheene ki soorat mein hota hai aur jab woh doosre martabe ki takmeel karta hai to teesre martabe, yani saal ki taraf muntaqil ho jaata hai. Jo bachcha in maratib mein se kisi martabe ko pahunch na paaya ho, us ki takhleeq mukammal nahi hoti...... Yahi wajah hai ke bachche ke naam ki ta’een, us se gandagi ko door karne (khatnah karne aur sar mundwaane), us ka fidya dene aur us ki gardan ko aazad karne (Aqeeqah karne) ke liye saatwan din muqarrar kiya gaya.”
(Tohfat-ul-Maulood Li-Ibn-e-Qayyim: 75, 76)

Sahih Hadees lo!
Imam Muhammed bin Yahya Zohli Rahimahullah (Died on 258 Hijri) farmaate hain:
لَا يُكْتَبُ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَّ حَتَّى يَرْوِيَهُ ثِقَةٌ عَنْ ثِقَةٍ، حَتَّى يَتَنَاهَى الْخَبَرُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَّ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ، وَلَا رَجُلٌ مَجْرُوحٌ، فَإِذَا ثَبَتَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَّ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ وَجَبَ قَبُولُهُ وَالْعَمَلُ بِهِ وَتَرْكُ مُخَالَفَتِهِ​
“Nabi-e-Akram ﷺ se bayan kardah koi riwayat us waqt tak nahi likhi jaaye jab tak use siqah rawi apne jaise siqah se na bayan kare aur yeh silsila yunhi Nabi-e-Akram ﷺ tak pahunch jaaye. Us Sanad mein koi Majhool ya Majrooh shakhs na ho. Jab koi Hadees is tareeqe se saabit ho jaaye to usey qabool karna, us par amal karna aur us ki mukhalafat chhod dena waajib ho jaata hai.”
(Al-Kifayah Fi Ilm Ar-Riwayah Lil-Khateeb: 36, Is ki Sanad Sahih hai)

Maahnaamah As-Sunnah, Shumaarah No: 35, Page No: 27 to 31.
 

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